International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation – IJARI

@article{IJARI2501001,

title = {Comparative Study on Basic Index Properties of Cement Stabilized Black Cotton and Lateritic Soils on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/IJARI-25-01-001.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-17},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {5},

issue = {1},

pages = {1 - 20},

abstract = {This research investigates the impact of cement stabilization on Black Cotton Soil (BCS) and Lateritic Soil. It also examines how varying cement proportions (10%, 20%, and 30%) affect their engineering properties and compaction characteristics. Given the tendency of BCS to swell when wet and shrink when dry, along with the inconsistent strength of Lateritic Soil, this study highlights the need for effective soil stabilization methods in civil engineering, especially in areas where these soils are commonly found. In accordance with BS 1377 (1990), series of experimental tests, including particle size distribution, Atterberg limits etc., were performed to analyse the modifications in soil properties. For BCS, the Liquid Limit decreased from 63.20% in its natural state to 21.79% at 50% cement substitution, while the Plastic Limit declined from 37.78% to 15.74%. The specific gravity of black cotton soil 2.63 at its natural state and lateritic has 2.73 while that of cement at its natural state is 3.13. The results demonstrated notable enhancements of maximum dry density, shear strength, and moisture retention in both soil types, with Lateritic Soil showing better performance and needing less cement for effective stabilization. These findings are significant for road construction and civil engineering infrastructure development, offering insights into optimal cement content to improve soil performance.



Keywords: Cement, Stabilization, Black Cotton Soil, Lateritic Soil, Atterberg Limit Test,  Compaction.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI2401006,

title = {MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND ETHICAL STANDARDS COMPLIANCE IN OGTV AND ROCK CITY FM, ABEOKUTA},

author = {Arowosegbe, Ajimot Adefunke, Sotayo-Aro Rauf Olatunji, Ojuroye Abiola Oluwatobiloba and Gbadebo Omodolapo Aminat},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IJARI-24-01-006.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-30},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {4},

issue = {1},

pages = {33 - 39},

abstract = {Abstract 

This study examined media ownership and ethical standard compliance in OGTV and Rock city FM, Abeokuta. Source credibility theory was considered as theoretical framework to explain the relationship between broadcast ownership and ethical standard compliance within the stations. The study adopted in-depth survey design using key informant interview (KII) guide as the instruments. A sample of core management staff from OGTV and Rock city FM was selected. Data were analysed qualitatively. Findings of the study established that OGTVand Rock city FM based their programming policy for public good and interest as affirmed by Key informant interviewees. It was evidenced from the KIIs’ submission that the two stations to a greater extent complied with NBC’s code of ethics. It was also disclosed by the KII that the major challenges facing the stations generally were lack of adequate funding and required digital broadcast facilities as recommended by NBC. The study came to the conclusion that staff performance in both stations was impacted by ownership structure, control, which influence an iota of non-compliance with ethical standard. 

Keywords: Media ownership, Broadcast stations, Ethical Standard Compliance.   },

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-24-01-005,

title = {A LEXICO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF GEORGE HERBERT’S ‘EASTER WINGS’},

author = {Osinaike Funmilola Omolara, Adetutu Olusola and Oladipo Micheal Mofeoluwa},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IJARI-24-01-005.pdf},

issn = {ISSN: 2545 5214},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-07},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {4},

issue = {1},

pages = {29 - 32},

abstract = {Abstract:

The issue of sexism in media has been a persistent concern, with numerous studies highlighting how media portrayals can This paper examines a linguistic study of George Herbert’s employed ‘Easter Wings’. It reveals the peculiarities of the style of the poem. The graphological feature was discovered to be prominently foregrounded, and this has an input into the other features in conveying the message of the poem. The poem is religious, within the literary genre of poetry, and different linguistic choices have been used to define the lexico-semantic and graphological features of the poem. The theory adopted shows that style is a choice and a deviation from the norm. This opens to the monists’ view that style is inseparable from the content, and thus, there is relationship between the message and the medium. The poem which is shaped into wings, distinguishes and also contributes to the content and the title of the poem. 



Keywords: Poem, Lexico-Semantic, George Herbert, linguistic, Style, Content.. },

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJPAAR2301002,

title = {SMALL SCALE AGRO-PROCESSING OF PALM OIL IN NIGERIA- WAY FORWARD },

author = {SOTONWA, OLAWALE EMMANUEL, ELEYOWO, ISRAEL OLUSEGUN, IBIKUNLE, OLAJIDE AND OGUNTUNASE, IBUKUN ADEOLA},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJPAAR-23-01-002.pdf},

issn = {2545-5923},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-01},

journal = {International Journal of Petrochemical and Agro-Allied Research},

volume = {2},

issue = {1},

pages = {11-16},

abstract = {The primitive extraction procedures of palm oil are still in use in the village today. In order to increase palm oil production, small scale oil production should be encouraged, which has the added benefit of providing an additional source of employment. Modern processing of oil palm fruit bunches into edible oil is practiced using various methods, which may be grouped into four categories according to their degree of complexity. In order to preliminarily find out the acceptability/ profitability or dispositions towards the small scale agro processing of palm oil traditionally, questionnaires were designed and administered. The various results and responses obtained are hereby presented in tabular and chart forms. The questionnaire starts with demographic questions, finding age, gender and marital status. The response shows that 35 percent of those who participated were male while 65 percent are female.



Key Words: Palm Oil, Processing, Small Scale, Mechanization, Extraction},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJPAAR2301001,

title = {CORRELATION BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATING EFFICIENCYOF LISTED NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES},

author = {OGUNTUNASE IBUKUN ADEOLA; ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN; BIKUNLE OLAJIDE; SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJPAAR-23-01-001.pdf},

issn = {2545-5923},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-20},

journal = {International Journal of Petrochemical and Agro-Allied Research},

volume = {2},

issue = {1},

pages = {1-10},

abstract = {The exact combination of leverage utilized to fund a company's assets and activities is referred to as its capital structure. Equity is a much costlier, long-term form of financing with greater financial flexibility from a company standpoint. Borrowing, on the other hand, is a less costly source of capital with a limited term, which legally obliges the company to commit to fixed, promised outflows of funds. These financial choices, that could be influenced by capital structure policies as well as goals established by management and the board of directors, determine a company's capital structure. The sample size is drawn from eight listed oil and gas marketing and producing companies in Nigeria. The ordinary least square method (OLS) of multiple regressions was utilized in this study. The data was then analyzed using econometric tools like multiple regressions to ascertain the impact of capital structure on performance of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria.It was discovered that all oil and gas firms fund their operations with more debt rather than equity because of the huge capital outlay involved. Additionally, it was discovered that STD, LTD, TDE, and INC had a positive but insignificant impact on Nigeria's quoted oil firms' performance. The study's findings recommend adding more factors to the model when assessing how capital structure affects company performance.



Key Words: Oil, Gas, Capital, Efficiency, Investment..

},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI2301002,

title = {ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED MACHINE LEARNING MODELS ON SALE PREDICTION},

author = { Sadiku, I. B. S., Aina, O.A., Onalaja, O.O and Ganiyu, A.K},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-23-01-002.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-02},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {3},

issue = {1},

pages = {7 - 10},

abstract = {Machine learning models are combined to output a better skillful model. The output model(s) to use or trust to solve a problem is subject to its record of performances. In this study, ensemble machine learning algorithm is used in anaconda3 environment to combine the predictions from multiple machine learning classification models: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine Enabled Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF), Decision Trees (DT), Random forest (RF), Multilayer perceptron (MLP) on sale dataset. The dataset consist of three levels of sale channels (In-person, Instagram and Whatsapp) and three levels of movement restriction period (COVID- 19, nationwide restriction due to national election and no restriction movement). The results revealed that KNN, SVM-RBF, DT, RF, MLP, and the combined model had: accuracy score of 62.99 %, 91.57 %, 52.45 %, 89.93 %, 33.02 % and 49.41 % respectively; the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC)  gave 50.84 %, 88.85 %, 34.76 %, 86.61 %, 6.12 % and 29.95 % respectively; F1 score also gave 59.92 %, 91.24 %, 44.83 %, 89.58 %, 19.58 % and 43.59 % respectively. It can be seen from the results that combining models for machine learning operation does not necessarily give higher performances in all score category but the confidence in individual model to accurately learn on the dataset or from neighbor model on its own.



Keywords: Skillful, Algorithm, Anaconda3, Sale Channels, Movement Restriction Period},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI2202005,

title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF RADIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN NIGERIA: AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION},

author = {Andrew Olumide AFOLAYAN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-22-02-005.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

urldate = {2022-12-01},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

issue = {2},

pages = {30 - 34},

abstract = {As an important component of cancer control programs, the scarcity of radiation therapy resources in Nigeria is becoming more severe as cancer incidence increases. This study analyses and suggests possible solutions to the causes of this rather disastrous state of radiation therapy in Nigeria. In the study the available radiotherapy centers in Nigeria were analyzed, while relevant information about the types and number of radiotherapy equipments was obtained using retrospective method of data collection. Results showed that between 2001and 2014 the number of megavoltage therapy machines has reached nine from five, with at least one therapy machine situated in nine of the radiotherapy center. Nigeria is the most populated African country with a population of at least 160 million people based on 2006 population census and average annual growth rate of 3.10%, giving only a marginal improvement in the radiotherapy service. The results also showed that these facilities are concentrated in the southern and northern states of the country. Although progress has been made in the establishment of radiation therapy services in Nigeria, a large need still exists for training of manpower in all fields of specialization related to radiotherapy service in order to adequately care for the multitude of cancer patients. Radiotherapy centers need to be established in Nigeria, due to the increasing number of patients requiring the facility. Awareness of such centers should be raised among medical practitioners and the populace.



Keywords: Radiotherapy, Cancer, Megavoltage Therapy Machine, Linear Accelerator.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-004,

title = {IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) PRODUCTION UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA},

author = { Amori Anthony A., Fagbayide Samuel D., Akintade Joshua A. and Okusanya Muyiwa A.},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJARI-22-02-004.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-29},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {21 - 29},

abstract = {Irrigation scheduling is pivotal for precision and sustainable farming, optimum crop growth and yield, as well as water use efficiency (WUE), especially in water-limited areas. The study aims to determine water use efficiency, as well as the effect of water stress on the yield of pepper under drip irrigation system. The study was conducted at the Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering Research Farm of the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. Four irrigation treatments were investigated. The experiment had four irrigation levels.  The first irrigation application treatment (A) consists of 100% of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET). The second (B) was 75% ET. The third (C) was 50% ET and fourth (D) consist of 25% ET. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and 2 varieties of pepper: Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens. Irrigation applications were applied for 3 weeks after transplanting and thereafter continued for the whole growing season. Parameters such as such soil, agronomic and crop’s consumption water use were measured and the results subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the WUE, yields and growth parameters under different levels of irrigation in the two pepper varieties. The results showed that water use efficiency, yields and other agronomic parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and fruit length and weight were higher during the studies periods for both pepper varieties under treatments A and B compared with other treatments C and D respectively. However, there was no significant difference in WUE of treatments A and B. Statistical analysis among the agronomic parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in all the treatments. It was concluded that irrigating at 75% ET in the study area will result in water saving and maximum sustainable production of these pepper varieties.



Keywords: Drip, Irrigation, Pepper, Production, Water, Efficiency, Sustainable},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-001,

title = {APPRAISAL OF CONSUMER LOYALTY TO BRANDED MALT DRINKS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA},

author = {Musari, Adedayo Akeem and Adebanjo, Oludotun Adewale},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IJARI-22-02-001.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {1 - 5},

abstract = {This study was carried out among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State, to establish the existence or otherwise of brand loyalty among such consumers. The study made use of primary and secondary sources of data. The major instrument used for primary data collection was the questionnaire while secondary data came from journals, books, newspapers, magazines, etc. As for data presentation; tables were used while the Chi-Square was used for data analysis. The study revealed that the five most preferred brands of malt drinks in Lagos State are Dubic Malt, Malta Guinness, Maltina, Amstel Malta and Beta Malt, in that order. The study also showed that the most influential factors in consumers’ decision to stick to their preferred brands are the perceived high brand quality and advertising. The study equally revealed that most of the consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State would not want to buy any other brand of malt drink even in the absence of their preferred brand. Based on the results of the study, it is very clear that brand loyalty exists among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State. 



Keywords:   Brand, Promotion, Consumers, Advertising, Brand loyalty},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-004,

title = {VARIANTS AND ERRORS IN NIGERIAN ENGLISH},

author = {Osinaike, Funmilola Omolara},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-004.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-25},

urldate = {2022-02-25},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {26 - 30},

abstract = {This paper discussed the varieties of the English Language in Nigeria. A brief history of English, the evolution of language in Nigeria and different classifications by scholars were discussed. The paper concluded with the future of Nigerian English and suggested recommendations on the variety to be picked as the standard for Nigerian English.



Key Words: English, Language, Variants, Errors, Nigerian},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-002,

title = {EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION DURING LOCKDOWN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA},

author = {IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE, ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN, OGUNMEFUN OLALEKAN PETER, SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL, BIYA EMMANUEL BABATUNDE},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-002.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-22},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {8 - 13},

abstract = {The study examined the effects of covid-19 on the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of mathematics in polytechnic education during the covid-19 induced lockdown in south west, Nigeria. As a result of these, a total of five hundred (500) students and fifty (50) Mathematics lecturers were used for the survey from five selected polytechnics in south west, Nigeria. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were also used in analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. A frequency table was deplored to present the quantitative data while qualitative data were presented mathematically. The study revealed that 65.3% of lecturers have strong opinion that visual based (34.9%) and audio based (65.3%) instructional materials were used to disseminate mathematics lectures during covid-19 pandemic. Summaries were made and recommendations were proffered on how to improve the use of visual instructional materials in teaching and learning process in schools in order to improve performance in mathematics.



Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Instructional Materials, Mathematics, Students, Teachers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-001,

title = {THE IMPACT OF PEER-PRESSURE AND PERSUASION ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ADIRE FABRICS (CLOTHES) IN WESTERN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN IKORODU, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA)},

author = {Israel Olusegun ELEYOWO and Olajide IBIKUNLE},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-001.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-22},

urldate = {2022-02-22},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {1-7},

abstract = {Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of peer-pressure and persuasion on the acceptance of Adire Fabrics (clothes) in Westerner Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study.  The population includes Staff / employee   of the organization, customer / distributor and  consumer / end  user,  While  Chi-square formula  was  used  to  determine  the  sample  size.  Both  primary  and  secondary  data  was used  while  80-item  questionnaire  was  the  main  instrument  of  data  collection.  The Chi-square  formula  was  used  to  analyze  the  data  and  test  the  hypothesis  formulated  in  the  study.  The analysis was based on the response   from completed questionnaire. The summary of findings state that there is a significance relationship between peer-pressure and decision making. It was concluded that Peer influence has both negative and positive impact on adult’s behavior. Among major recommendation was that Individuals should be encouraged not to give into peer pressure in order for them to be accepted and fit in a group



Keywords: Peer Pressure, Middle Adulthood, Independent Decision Organization, Management},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI2101002,

title = {LOCALLY FABRICATED UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) FOR SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY},

author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJARI-21-01-002.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-07},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {10-14},

abstract = {Uninterrupted power supply is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains fails or whenever the line voltage varies outside normal limits. Obviously, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is an indispensable power unit in every size of establishment. Its features such as noiseless working condition, availability of storage elements, numerous system compatibility, etc. have not in any way marred its acceptance. This device is really dominating computer establishments in most developing countries. It has also been found useful in many other applications in big industries, homes offices, industries and religious centers and places of worship for continuous sustainability of energy supplied to electronic gadgets. The stages of the design were divided into sections. The UPS was switched ON, the bulb started to glow, and the UPS worked properly. The components of the UPS such as MOSFET transistor, relay, inverter, transformer and change over circuit were working properly and efficiently. 



Keywords: UPS, Inverter, Oscillating, Switching, Change-Over, Loww-Battery},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAMARD-21-001,

title = {DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER},

author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJAMARD-21-001.pdf},

issn = {2545-5354},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-05},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {1-6},

abstract = {Amplifiers, as the name implies, are electronic devices that boost or strengthen an input signal. This study designed and constructed 30 W audio power amplifier using TDA2040 modules from the circuit digest. The amplifier was designed and constructed using integrated Circuit (TDA2040) and the simulation of the circuit was carried out using proteous 8 professional. The power supply unit was constructed using 12V-0-12V center-tap step-down transformer and thereafter the amplifier. The amplifier was tested and the results showed that the amplifier exhibited low distortion. The output power and efficiency were found to be 30.00 watts and 78.5 % respectively. The circuit simulation was a success, and that the agreement between the simulated and experimental result confirms the good performance of the amplifier.



Keywords: Audio, Power, Amplifier, Vero board, Ripples, Signal.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-21-001,

title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJARI-21-001.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-19},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {1-9},

abstract = {There is increase in demand for safe, durable and economical roads, especially in the rural areas. The high cost of stabilizing agent, environmental effects of dumping of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shell and implications involved in the process of transporting materials from borrow pit pose serious threats to human and the environment. Therefore, there is need to look for affordable alternatives. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi (  53’ 13.758”N,   7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% palm kernel shell substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), pressure loads were applied on the composite materials and California Bearing-Ratio tests conducted at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as palm kernel shell substitution increases while 25% palm kernel shell substitution has the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. In addition, for the 40% to 50% palm kernel shell substitutions, maximum CBR values were observed from their initial test water content. The composite material with palm kernel shell at 25% can be used for road base and sub base. Finally, recycling of palm kernel shell wastes is an alternative solution of safe disposal of the agro waste called palm kernel shell. There environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell wastes could be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.



Keywords: CBR, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI1701001,

title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 12% to 20% (Medium Dosage) Thermoplastic},

author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://ijari.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IJARI-17-01-001.pdf},

issn = {ISSN: 2545 – 5214},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-10-12},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {1-9},

abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the possibility of using thermoplastic as an alternative for road construction materials. This is with a view to recycling plastic wastes to stop the menace of environmental pollution. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun State, Nigeria. The thermoplastic were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from a range of 12% to 20% at 2% interval for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) soaked and unsoaked tests while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that medium dosage plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil. In addition, the CBR values increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked medium dosage substitutions. Based on the results of this study, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute and stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced.

Keywords: Thermoplastic, Environment, Laterite, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-01-001,

title = {Characteristics of Densified Plastic Pellet Stabilized Lateritic Soil to Reduce the Impact of Accidental Explosions on Underground Structures},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU 

Nigeria},

url = {http://ijari.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IJARI-01-001.pdf},

issn = {2545 - 5214},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-11-18},

urldate = {2016-11-18},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {1-7},

abstract = {This study examines the effect of compacted plastic pellets stabilized lateritic soil to reduce the impact of accidental explosions on underground structures. In this study, lateritic soil and plastic were taken from Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were grounded into pellets and substituted with laterite. The tests were conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) to determine the moisture content and compaction. The results were compared with the simulated results of Olarewaju (2013) in the study of the response of underground structures due to blast loads. In the said work, soil and pipes were modeled; loads from accidental explosions were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008). Various constituents of blast considered are ground media, pipes, intervening medium, blast, blast characteristics and method of analysis (finite element formulation and solution using ABAQUS/Explicit in ABAQUS). From the results, the lowest dry density value is 0.96kg/m3 and 1.130 kg/m3 respectively at 30% plastic pellets mixed with lateritic soil. In the work of Olarewaju (2013), dimensionless deflection at the crown, invert and spring-line of underground pipes in loose material is low compared to dense material. It is clear that at 30% and above plastic substitution, the density is relatively low and this could as soft backfill material reduce the impact of accidental explosions on underground structures. Consequently, loads arising from various accidental explosions on underground structures would be greatly reduce, if not completely eliminated

Keywords: Plastic Pellets, Explosion, Laterite, Underground, Structures},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}